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Oak Hill Industrial Academy
Oak Hill Industrial Academy (also known as the Alice Lee Elliott Memorial Academy or Elliott Academy) was originally founded as a day school and later became a boarding school for Choctaw Freedmen. It existed from 1878 to 1936. It was located in the far southeastern corner of the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory in what is presently Oklahoma. The original location was in the southwest corner of Section 27 near the present-day Valliant, Oklahoma. But in 1902 it was rebuilt in the northeast quarter of section 29 near the western line of McCurtain County, Indian Territory.〔Flickinger (1914), pp 220–221〕 The school closed in 1936, and no evidence of it other than a historical marker remains.
==Curriculum==
Oak Hill was originally developed to provide training in farming and domestic trades as well as to teach Christianity to the former Choctaw slave children.〔Flickinger (1914), p 135〕 According to the school's founders, "(young people ) are transplanted for a time, where they may receive Bible instruction, industrial training and a foretaste of the privileges of an enlightened christian civilization".〔Flickinger (1914), p 152〕 As was typical of American Indian boarding schools the farming model was implemented, where students both learned agricultural and animal husbandry skills and grew their own food. The students cultivated land, hauled water (as their well had run dry), and tended large herds of pigs and cattle.〔Flickinger (1914), pp 136–140〕 In the early days, focus was on vocational training and the educational portion was minimal, as schooling beyond an eighth grade education was not offered.
Shortly after Oklahoma's statehood, the school implemented a public school model for classes which included algebra, arithmetic, astronomy, bookkeeping, botany, chemistry, civics, composition, economics, geography, geology, geometry, grammar, history, literature, rhetoric, stenography, surveying, telegraphy, trigonometry, typewriting and zoology. In addition to the classroom studies, technical trades offered included agriculture, animal husbandry, apiculture, carpentry, cobbling, concrete work, domestics, gardening, laundry work, poultry raising, and sewing.〔Flickinger (1914), p 270〕 Though standardization of education was required, so was segregation. State laws passed in 1907 (the same year as statehood), provided that any person who included ''any'' quantum of African blood had to attend a ''colored'' school and imposed fines for anyone who allowed students of different racial mixtures to attend the same schools. All students without ''negro'' blood were to be considered ''white'' and identical separate but equal facilities were to be maintained.
By 1912, the school was offering to 7 hours of classroom study followed by 3 hours in the fields, sawing and splitting wood, or in the shop for boys and in the kitchen, laundry or sewing room for girls.〔Flickinger (1914), pp 162–166〕 Bible study was required and students were expected to memorize one verse and read one chapter daily.〔 Between 1908 and 1912, of land had been acquired and was under cultivation〔Flickinger (1914), p 203〕 and academic instruction was being offered up to the 12th grade.〔 In the early period of Oklahoma schooling there were few high schools and Elliott was listed as the only institution offering high school education to Choctaw freedmen's children.
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